We had my son's fourth birthday party the day the Patriots beat the Falcons in the Super Bowl. As everyone knows, the bad guys won that day. My son got to eat chocolate cake, so the party wasn't ruined. Still, he brings it up from time to time. My kid isn't unique. Over and over again, research shows that people emphasise the negative over the positive, both in our memories and the here-and-now.

Here are five actions to take regarding the neo-Nazi violence in Charlottesville, Virginia this weekend.